Mental health disorders can disrupt everyday activities and the lives of those affected. Medication is one form of treatment that may be used to help manage mental health conditions. While medications are often prescribed by psychiatrists, other health professionals such as nurse practitioners, medical assistants, and physician’s assistants can also prescribe medications for mental health conditions.

Mental Health Conditions

Mental health conditions are a broad array of disorders that can affect an individual’s emotional well-being, thought processes, and behaviors. Mental health conditions can range from mild to severe and may include depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and phobias. Mental health conditions can significantly affect a person’s ability to perform daily activities, socialize, work, and maintain relationships.

Depression is one of the most common mental health conditions and involves symptoms such as low mood, loss of interest in activities, fatigue, changes in sleep patterns, difficulty with concentration, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and thoughts of death or suicide. Anxiety is another common mental health condition that can involve persistent worrying, physical symptoms such as increased heart rate and sweating, and avoidance of social situations.

Bipolar disorder involves dramatic shifts in moods between depression and mania which can involve periods of euphoria, decreased need for sleep, increased energy and activity levels, and impulsive or reckless behavior. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental health disorder involving hallucinations, disorganized thoughts and speech, delusions, social withdrawal, reduced motivation, and lack of emotion.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can occur after experiencing a traumatic event such as war, natural disaster, rape, or other significant trauma. Symptoms can include recurring thoughts of the traumatic event, flashbacks or nightmares, hyper-arousal (being easily startled or always on guard), avoidance of reminders of the event, and difficulty sleeping.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that can involve difficulty concentrating, impulsive behavior, hyperactivity, and restlessness. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder involving persistent intrusive thoughts called obsessions, and repetitive behaviors or rituals (compulsions). Phobias are strong irrational fears of particular objects or situations such as spiders, heights, or public speaking.

Mental health conditions can be complicated and difficult to diagnose, so it is important to seek professional help if you are experiencing any of the signs or symptoms mentioned here. With the right treatment, many people with mental health conditions lead successful and fulfilling lives. If you or someone you know is experiencing mental health issues, contact your local mental health provider or visit the National Alliance on Mental Illness website for more information.

Medications for Mental Illness

Mental illness can be treated with a variety of medications. Depending on the type and severity of your mental health disorder, one or more medications may be prescribed to help treat symptoms.

Common classes of drugs used to treat mental illness include:

• Antidepressants: These medications are often used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and other mood disorders. They work by increasing the amount of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain, which helps to regulate mood.
• Antipsychotics: These drugs are used to reduce psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. Antipsychotics can also be helpful in treating severe depression or anxiety.
• Anxiolytics: These medications are used to reduce anxiety symptoms and can help people with anxiety disorders become more functional in their daily lives. Benzodiazepines, such as Xanax, Valium, and Ativan, are a class of anxiolytic drugs commonly used for short-term treatment.
• Mood stabilizers: Mood stabilizers can be helpful in treating bipolar disorder and other mood disorders. These medications help to regulate the extreme highs and lows of mood that characterize these conditions.
• Stimulants: Stimulant medications, such as Ritalin and Adderall, are often used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and some sleep disorders. These drugs work by increasing levels of dopamine in the brain, which can lead to improved focus, concentration, and alertness.

It’s important to remember that medications for mental illness are not a “one-size-fits-all” solution. Everyone responds differently to different treatments, so it’s important to work with your doctor to find the right medication and dosage that works best for you. With the right treatment plan, you can successfully manage your mental health disorder and improve your quality of life.

In addition to medications, other treatments such as therapy, lifestyle changes, and self-care strategies may also be recommended for mental health disorders. It’s important to discuss all of your treatment options with your doctor so you can make informed decisions about your care. And if you experience any troubling side effects, contact your doctor right away.

How long does it take for Medicine to take effect?

One of the most common questions when it comes to medication for mental health is how long does it take for the medicine to take effect? The answer can vary depending on the type and severity of the disorder being treated. Generally, the medications prescribed for mental illnesses such as depression or anxiety may start to provide relief in a few days or weeks. Medications for more serious conditions, such as bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, may take a longer period of time to notice an effect.

When it comes to medication management, there are several factors that come into play. Psychiatrists typically recommend medications based on the patient’s medical history and symptoms. Commonly prescribed medications for mental health include antipsychotic medications, mood stabilizers, and anti-anxiety medications. In some cases, medication-assisted treatment may be used in combination with other therapies to treat depression or anxiety disorders.

It is important to note that while medications can help provide relief from mental health conditions, they are not a replacement for therapy or other forms of treatment. Medication should be used in conjunction with other forms of treatment, such as therapy, lifestyle changes, and healthy habits. Additionally, medication may come with side effects that can vary based on the type and dosage of the medication.

For those suffering from mental health conditions, discussing the best course of action with a qualified medical professional is often the first step in the treatment process. A psychiatrist or other mental health professional can assess symptoms and provide information about medications, as well as other options for treating mental health disorders. From there, they will typically create a personalized treatment plan to help manage the condition in the long term.

In conclusion, medication plays an important role in mental health treatment and can help provide relief for a variety of mental health conditions. It is important to note, however, that medications should be used alongside other forms of treatment and monitored closely by medical professionals. With the right combination of treatments and medication, those suffering from mental health disorders can start to experience improved outcomes. Schedule a free consultation today!

They are easy to grow, delicious, and versatile in the kitchen.

However, planting tomatoes at the wrong time can result in stunted growth, poor fruit set, or even complete crop failure. If you have been looking forward to expanding your garden by adding tomato plants, you must wonder when to plant tomatoes in PA.

When it comes to growing tomatoes in Pennsylvania, timing is everything. Knowing when to plant tomatoes in PA is crucial to ensure a bountiful harvest.

So, in today’s article, we will explore more about planting tomatoes in PA.

Let’s get straight into it!

Pennsylvania’s Climate | A Brief Insight!

Before we dive into the best time to plant tomatoes in PA, it’s crucial to understand the region’s climate.

Pennsylvania has a diverse climate, with varying temperatures and precipitation levels across the state. The eastern part of the state tends to be milder and wetter, while the western part is colder and drier.

The best time to plant tomatoes in PA depends mainly on your location within the state.

However, the growing season in PA generally runs from late April through October. During this time, temperatures are warm enough for tomatoes to thrive.

When to Plant Tomatoes in PA? | The Best Time to Plant Tomatoes in Pennsylvania!

Now that you know the general climate of PA, it is time to answer your question.

The optimal time to plant tomatoes in PA is late May or early June. By this time, the soil has warmed up enough to support the growth of tomato plants. If you plant too early, when the soil is still cold, your tomato plants will struggle to grow and may even die.

It’s essential to keep in mind that the ideal planting time can vary depending on your specific location within the state.

For example, if you live in a cooler part of Pennsylvania, you may need to wait until early June or mid-June to plant your tomatoes.

Choosing the Right Tomato Variety

Choosing a suitable tomato variety is vital for a successful harvest.

Pennsylvania gardeners can choose from various tomato varieties, including heirloom, hybrid, and determinate or indeterminate types.

Heirloom tomatoes are open-pollinated, non-hybrid varieties passed down through generations. On the other hand, hybrid tomatoes are a cross between two different tomato varieties and are often bred for disease resistance, yield, and flavor.

Planting Tomato Seedlings in PA

In Pennsylvania, it’s common to plant tomato seedlings rather than starting from seed.

Seedlings are typically available at local garden centers and nurseries. When planting tomato seedlings, choosing a sunny location with well-drained soil is important.

Tomatoes prefer soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8, which is slightly acidic.

• Make a hole large enough to accommodate the seedling’s complete root ball.
• Remove the seedling from its container and carefully set it in the hole. Backfill with soil, being careful not to bury the stem too deep.
• Water thoroughly and add a layer of mulch around the base of the plant to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.

And that’s all.

Factors to Consider Before Planting!

Before you start planting your tomato plants, there are a few factors to consider to ensure they grow successfully.

These factors include:

Soil Conditions

Tomatoes require well-draining soil rich in organic matter, with a pH level between 6.0 and 6.8.

You can test your soil’s pH level using a soil testing kit, which can be purchased at a garden center or online. If the pH level is too low, you can add lime to the soil to raise it. If the pH level is too high, you can add sulfur to the soil to lower it.

Sunlight

Tomatoes require at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day to grow properly. Be sure to choose a location in your garden that receives ample sunlight throughout the day.

Watering

Tomatoes require consistent watering throughout the growing season. Be sure to water your plants deeply once a week rather than lightly watering them more frequently. This will encourage deeper root growth and help your plants withstand periods of drought.

Support

Tomato plants require support as they grow taller. You can use stakes, cages, or trellises to support and keep your plants upright.

Pests and Diseases

Tomatoes are susceptible to various pests and diseases, including aphids, hornworms, and blight. Be sure to monitor your plants regularly for any infestation or disease, and take appropriate measures to address any issues as they arise.

Tips for Growing Tomatoes for Best Results!

In addition to knowing when to plant tomatoes in PA, there are some tips and tricks you can follow to ensure a successful harvest:

• Choose the Right Tomato Variety: Not all tomato varieties are created equal. Some are better suited for Pennsylvania’s climate than others. Look for disease-resistant varieties that can handle the region’s heat and humidity.
• Prep Your Soil: Before planting your tomato seedlings, ensure your soil is in good condition. Amend your soil with compost or other organic matter to provide the nutrients your plants need to grow.
• Weather conditions: Weather conditions vary every year. So, when you are about to plant tomatoes outside in your garden, check the weather a week before planting tomatoes.
• Prune Your Plants: Regular pruning can help your tomato plants grow stronger and produce more fruit. Remove any suckers that form between the stem and branches of your plant.

That’s all about planting tomatoes in PA.

Conclusion!

I hope now you know when to plant tomatoes in PA.

Knowing when to plant tomatoes in PA is essential to growing healthy and productive tomato plants. You can ensure your tomatoes have the best chance of thriving by planting them in late May or early June.

Remember to choose the right tomato variety, prep your soil, provide ample sunlight and water regularly, and prune your plants to maximize your tomato harvest. With a little effort and know-how, you can enjoy delicious, homegrown tomatoes all season long.

I hope you liked the article.

If yes, don’t forget to share it with your friends.

Health Shots got in touch with Dr Kashish Kalra, Head of the Department of Dermatology at Max Super speciality hospital, New Delhi, to understand everything about this new trend, double sunscreen.

How to apply a double layer of sunscreen this summer?

You must have heard of double cleansing to get rid of all the excess dirt, grime or makeup. Double sunscreen is a new concept but is surely beneficial for the skin in grave summers.

Recently, popular dermatologist Dr. Rashmi Shetty took to her social media to share how to apply double sunscreen and why.

Dr. Shetty says, “As the name suggests, applying double sunscreen means you are using two sunscreens at a time. So, you first use a sunscreen that has skincare ingredients also in it such as vitamin C, hyaluronic acid, etc. So, it gives you what you need, and on top of it, use a powdered sunscreen which could simply be your compact and that will give you the necessary sun care protection by locking in the sunscreen.”

The thumb rule of using a sunscreen

During harsh summer and the predicted heatwave, applying double sunscreen can be beneficial. Since everyone is aware of the concept of SPF, UVA, and UVB rays, protection from which is a by-product of using sunscreen daily. However, most people don’t know how much quantity of sunscreen is ideal for usage daily.

Dr Kalra shares, “If you go by the books, the dosage reckoned is 2mg per centimeter square. That comes out to become half a teaspoon full for your face and your neck. Alongside, there is a two-finger formula that says that you can apply two full fingers of sunscreen should be used for the face and neck.”

3 major benefits of applying a double layer of sunscreen

As per Dr. Kalra, there are 3 major benefits of using double sunscreen as follows:

1. You won’t skip areas

The expert goes on to describe how using a double sunscreen leaves no room for skipping any area of the face or neck. The second layer ensures that you lock the amount of sunscreen on your skin, and gives double protection against the sun outside.

2. Double sunscreen can give a makeup finish as well

There are two types of sunscreens, chemical sunscreen, and physical sunscreen. Most sunscreens have chemical and physical photo-protectors. Ideally, you should use the chemical sunscreen first that has some actives and on top of that, you can use a physical sunscreen or a powdered sunscreen or a bb-based sunscreen to get a tinge of makeup as well.

3. Sunscreen lasts only 80 minutes on your face

“The life of any sunscreen, even the best of water-resistant sunscreens, is only 80 minutes on your face. After 80 minutes, sunscreen demands application. Applying a double layer might make your sunscreen last a bit longer, “says the expert.

Health benefits of trampoline exercises

The fun exercise has a lot of health benefits, so there’s no wonder why people are increasingly using trampolines for fitness.

• It can effectively reduce stress levels and enhance cardiovascular endurance.
• Not only does bouncing on a trampoline provide a great cardiovascular workout, it can also improve your dynamic balance.
• It can develop your leg muscles.
• It can strengthen your ankles.
• By regularly engaging in trampolining, you may even improve your bone density, reducing the risk of developing osteoporosis, says the expert.

Trampoline exercise vs running

If you are counting calories, you will be happy to know that a mere minute of bouncing on a trampoline can help you to burn approximately 8 to 12 calories, says Rattan. Give 20 minutes to the trampolining session, and you will notice that you can burn more calories than a 20-minute run at a speed of 10 km per hour. Trampolining is a great exercise option that is gentler on your joints when compared to activities such as running and jumping ropes. Trampoline has a bouncy surface, so a significant amount of the force involved in landing is absorbed. This in turn reduces the impact on your joints as compared to other jumping exercises.

Jump with care

If you are new to exercising on a trampoline, begin with a five-minute rebounding routine, suggests the expert. Advanced users can aim higher and go for a 15 to 20-minute workout. This way they can achieve optimal cardiovascular fitness and fat loss.

When it comes to rebounding, just like any other activity that involves impact, there is a chance of getting hurt. This includes something as serious as getting fractures and concussions. To ensure safety, it is important to listen to the advice of a qualified instructor while rebounding. It is advisable that children under the age of six should not use a trampoline. If you have poor balance, it’s recommended to hold onto the handrails or use a safety net to prevent falling off of a trampoline says Rattan. People who have had a spinal injury or fractures, or have recently recovered from an ankle sprain, must take medical advice before trying out rebounding.

To ensure safe use of a trampoline, it’s important to keep these precautions in mind:

• Steer clear of any activity that exceeds your skill level.
• Stick to solo jumping to avoid collisions and mishaps.
• Keep an eye out for fellow jumpers to prevent any accidents.
• Refrain from jumping right after consuming a large meal or drinking ample fluids.

When it comes to rebounding, make sure to position your feet a little wider than your hips to improve your stability and balance. Your feet should be in a neutral position and your knees should be slightly bent.

Start peanuts in the garden after all danger of frost has passed and the soil has warmed to 70°F (21°C) or greater. Peanuts can be started indoors but they generally do not like to be transplanted.

Start peanut plants from nuts that have been shelled or from those still encased in the shell. Leave the skin of shelled nuts intact.

Peanuts mature in 110 to 120 days after starting sowing.

When to plant peanuts

Plant peanuts in the garden 1 to 2 weeks after the last frost when the soil has warmed. Peanuts are a very tender, long-season crop. They grow best in regions where there are at least 120 frost-free days. The soil temperature should be at least 60°F (16°C) before planting peanuts.

Peanut seeds are usually sown directly in the garden after the last frost-free date. In short-season regions, planting in the garden earlier can be risky, and starting seeds indoors may be a better option. Indoors, sow seeds in individual containers so that seedlings can be transplanted without disturbing the roots. Start seed indoors 4 to 6 weeks before the last frost.

Peanut seeds can be planted either in or out of the pod. If the pod is thin, it is best not to shell the peanut. When removing shells be careful not to tear the red skin; if the skin surrounding the seed is torn germination will likely not occur.

Peanut planting details

• Sowing depth: 1.5 inches
• Space between plants: 12-18 inches
• Days to harvest: 110-120
• Suggested varieties: Warm regions: Virginia Bunch, Mammoth Virginia, Jumbo Runner; Cool regions: Red Tennessee, Early Spanish

Planting peanuts in the garden

Peanuts require full sun. Grow peanuts in loose, well-drained soil, a sandy loam is ideal. Loosen the soil to 18 inches (45cm) or deeper. If the soil is heavy, cool, or damp, seeds can rot.

Peanuts can grow in poor soil, but the yield will be improved by adding aged compost rich in phosphorus and potassium (add bone meal to the soil). Peanuts are legumes that build the soil; they need no nitrogen.

Keep the soil surface loose which allows runners to implant. You can mulch to cover the runners.

Peanut sowing and planting tips

• Grow peanuts from shelled whole nuts with the papery skin is still intact or from peanuts still encased in the shell. Shelled peanuts germinate more readily than those still encased in the shell. Split or half nuts will not sprout.
• Peanuts do not transplant well so it’s best to start them in the garden after the soil temperature is 70°F (21°C) or greater, about 2 to 3 weeks or later after the last frost in spring.
• Time the sowing of peanuts started indoors so that seedlings go into the garden 2 to 3 weeks after the last frost in spring; that means sowing seeds indoors 6 to 4 weeks before the last frost in spring.
• Sow each peanut 1 to 1½ inches deep (2.5-3 cm) deep; space seeds 3 inches (7 cm) apart.
• Alternatively, sow seeds 2 inches (10 cm) in a furrow about 2 inches (5 cm) deep.
• After seedlings emerge and begin to grow, draw loose soil up around the base of the plants.
• Thin seedlings to 12 inches (30 cm) apart.
• Grow peanuts in loose, sandy loams with plenty of aged compost added in advance of planting.
• You can pre-warm the garden planting bed with a mulch of black plastic—but remove the plastic when plants start to flower.
• Peanuts grow best where the soil temperature is between 70° and 85°F (21-19°C).
• Peanuts prefer a soil pH range of 6.0 to 7.0.
• Grow peanuts in full sun.
• Keep the soil moist until “pegs” enter the soil; a peanut peg is the flower stem and peanut embryo. About a month after seedlings emerge from the soil, flowers will develop near the bottom of the plant; when the flower petals fall off, the stem and the seed left behind by the flower (a peanut embryo) will bend downward and grow into loose soil—these “pegs” become peanuts.
• Once pegs have entered the soil, mulch around plants with a layer of straw.
• To help pegs enter the soil you can mound up loose soil on either side of rows, as you would “hill” potatoes. In a sense, by mounding you are helping the pegs and soil to meet halfway.

Crop rotation: Grow peanuts where root crops such as carrots or turnips have recently grown; do not plant where peas have recently grown.

Container growing: Use a container 30 inches (76 cm) deep and 20 inches (51 cm) across.

Peanut planting calendar

• 4-6 weeks before the last frost in spring: sow seed indoors.
• 2-3 weeks after the last frost in spring: sow seed directly in the garden or transplant out seedlings started indoors; peanuts can be difficult to transplant.

Peanut planting dates

(These dates are for the Northern Hemisphere)

Peanut harvest

Peanuts mature in 110 to 120 days. Harvest can begin once the foliage has yellowed and seeds fill the pods. Even after top growth yellows or had been killed by frost, nuts will continue to mature. Dig or pull the plant using a spade or garden fork to unearth all of the peanuts in the soil. Cure peanuts for about 1 month in a warm, dry place.

Botanical Name: Arachis hypogaea

Peanuts are a member of the Leguminosae or pea family.

Reasons to wear sunscreen daily

The heat of the sun and UV rays are strong in the summer season which could damage the skin cells. This can result in a number of skin problems such as skin rashes, sunburns, acne, dark spots, wrinkles, etc. Applying sunscreen forms a layer that prevents sun rays to reach the skin and damage it. Apart from the protection, sunscreen also boosts skin health by protecting essential skin proteins such as collagen, elastin, and keratin.

Here are some of the important reasons why SPF is essential for healthy skin:

1. Keeps your skin young

Sun protection is one of the primary ways to keep your skin from preventing ageing. Sun exposure can lead to wrinkles, fine lines, and premature skin ageing. Due to the free radicals in the environment and the harmful rays of UVA and UVB, our skin gets severely damaged by the sun. however, using sunscreen daily can aid in retaining the youthful glow and prevent premature ageing.

2. Helps to maintain healthy skin

Our skin requires elastin, collagen, and other essential skin nutrients to keep it healthy and glowing. Sun damage can wreak havoc on the skin’s health and can harm the skin internally. However, sunscreen works as a protective barrier for the skin and keeps it secured from external environmental damage.

Also read: What is the right way to apply sunscreen in all seasons?

3. Saves from sunburn

Sunburn is one of the most common consequences of sun exposure. It leads to redness, bruises, skin sensitivity, swelling, blisters, and others. Repeated sunburn is extremely bad for the skin’s health as can eventually lead to skin cancer. Also, it brings premature ageing and skin thinning on your skin. So, make sunscreen an inseparable part of your skincare routine to prevent sunburn and heat rashes.

4. Prevent suntan

Sunscreens also prevent sun tanning which is necessary to keep the skin safe from the UVB rays of the sun. It is important to use sunscreen 20 minutes before you step out of the sun. Besides, follow the two-finger rule to apply sunscreen in the right amount on your skin. Reapplying sunscreen every two hours will ensure that your skin is happy and healthy.

5. Helps to have an even skin tone

Sun spots or pigmentation due to sun exposure is quite common and consistent exposure to the sun can make the skin look dull and dry. It becomes difficult to get rid of skin discolouration or hyperpigmentation, so using sunscreen is immensely advantageous.

So, ladies, it is time to add sunscreen to your skincare routine and have beautiful and healthy skin!

Social anxiety can make everyday tasks more difficult, from attending class or work functions to meeting new people. If left untreated, social anxiety can lead to feelings of isolation and depression due to a lack of meaningful connections with other people. Fortunately, there are therapeutic strategies available to those looking to overcome their social phobias and gain the confidence they need for success in social situations. By taking small steps and trying different strategies, you can learn to manage your social anxiety—and get back to living life to the fullest.

5 Effective Strategies to Help Manage Social Anxiety

Lean into Social Situations

Social anxiety can be a challenging issue to manage, especially when avoidance seems like the easiest solution. However, avoiding social situations can perpetuate feelings of isolation, which can ultimately exacerbate anxiety. Therefore, it is essential to develop coping strategies that allow you to manage your anxiety effectively.

One helpful approach is to gradually expose yourself to social situations that make you feel anxious, rather than avoiding them altogether. This may involve seeking support from a therapist or trusted friend, practicing relaxation techniques, and setting achievable goals for yourself.

By taking small steps, you can build your confidence and gradually develop the skills you need to overcome social anxiety.

Practice relaxation techniques

One effective way to manage anxiety is to practice relaxation techniques. These techniques can include deep breathing, meditation, or progressive muscle relaxation, and are designed to reduce both physical and mental stress. Deep breathing involves taking slow, deep breaths, which can help slow your heart rate and promote feelings of calmness. Meditation involves focusing your attention on the present moment, allowing you to let go of anxious thoughts and feelings. Progressive muscle relaxation involves tensing and relaxing different muscle groups in your body, helping you to release physical tension and promote relaxation. By incorporating these relaxation techniques into your daily routine, you may be able to reduce your anxiety levels and feel more in control of your thoughts and emotions.

Set small goals for yourself 

Setting small goals for yourself is a powerful approach to expanding your comfort zone and dealing with social anxiety in various social situations. By setting achievable and realistic goals, you can gradually increase the level of difficulty, which can help you build confidence in your ability to interact with others. For example, you may begin by setting a small goal of introducing yourself to a new person each day. This can help you feel more comfortable initiating conversations with strangers, which can ultimately reduce your social anxiety.

In addition, setting goals can be useful when trying to improve your communication skills with friends or family members. For instance, you may set a goal of speaking up more in group conversations or expressing your opinion more often. By starting with small goals, you can gradually expand your comfort zone and build your confidence, which can help you achieve larger goals.

Overall, setting realistic goals for yourself is a simple but effective strategy for expanding your comfort zone, building confidence, and dealing with social anxiety in various social situations. With consistent effort and practice, you can gradually increase the level of difficulty and achieve your goals.

Be mindful of your thoughts 

Being mindful of your thoughts is an essential aspect of managing anxiety. Anxiety can often lead to negative thought patterns that can be difficult to break out of. It’s important to pay attention to the stories your mind is telling you and recognize that these thoughts may not be entirely true. Anxiety can cause us to believe that uncomfortable situations will never end, or that we’re not capable of handling them. However, this type of negative self-talk can worsen our anxiety and create a cycle of fear and worry.

To manage anxiety, it’s essential to be mindful of your thoughts and challenge negative self-talk. You can remind yourself that these thoughts are not true and that you’re capable of handling difficult situations. Practicing positive self-talk is one effective way to challenge these negative thoughts. For example, instead of saying “I can’t do this,” you can rephrase it as “I may find this challenging, but I’m capable of handling it.”

Overall, actively monitoring your thoughts is a crucial aspect of managing anxiety. By consciously observing the thoughts that arise in your mind, you can identify negative thought patterns and work to challenge and replace them with more positive and constructive thoughts.

Reach out for help

If you feel like the methods above aren’t working, don’t hesitate to reach out for professional help. A therapist can provide guidance and support as you learn how to manage your social anxiety.

The first step in managing social anxiety is to seek out a qualified mental health professional, such as a therapist or psychologist. A therapist can provide you with personalized guidance and support tailored to your individual needs and will work with you to create an effective plan for overcoming your fear of social interaction. A good place to start when searching for a social anxiety therapist near you is by using the keywords “social anxiety therapist near me” on your favorite search engine.

Once you have found a qualified professional, they can help assess whether or not the source of your anxiety is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or social anxiety disorder (SAD). GAD is a form of chronic stress that affects many aspects of life including work, school, and relationships. Symptoms of GAD include feeling overwhelmed, difficulty sleeping, restlessness, irritability, and being easily startled. SAD is a fear of social situations or activities that involve interaction with other people. Symptoms of SAD may include a racing heart rate while in public spaces, feeling self-consciousness or embarrassment when speaking to others, and avoiding social gatherings altogether.

Once the source of your anxiety has been identified, you can begin developing a starter plan for managing it. Some strategies to help manage social anxiety disorder include getting plenty of restorative sleep each night and engaging in regular physical activity. Additionally, talking to friends or family members about your feelings can be incredibly helpful as they can provide support and understanding during difficult times. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is also an effective treatment for social anxiety as it helps to change negative thought patterns and beliefs associated with the disorder. Finally, deep breathing exercises and meditation can help reduce stress and calm your nerves during stressful situations.

No matter what treatment plan you decide to pursue, remember that overcoming social anxiety takes time and patience. Don’t be afraid to seek out additional resources such as books, podcasts, or online forums that can provide further insight into managing your disorder. Additionally, don’t forget that organic growth often happens when we take small steps each day towards our goal of increased confidence in social situations; even if it’s just saying hello to a stranger or joining a class or group activity that interests you. With a proper plan of action and the right support, anyone can learn to manage their social anxiety.

At Anew Era TMS & Psychiatry, we are dedicated to helping you feel your best. If you feel like you are struggling with Anxiety and want to understand your symptoms better, take our anxiety quiz. We can schedule a free consultation for you and get you feeling better in no time.

What is Soilless Potting Mix?

To the casual observer, soilless potting mix may look like soil. But it’s not – it can’t be called soil because it has no clay or silt. There are a number of materials it may be made from, but typically, it includes some or all of the following: coco coir (the outer husks of coconuts), peat moss, composted wood chips (usually pine bark), vermiculite, and perlite. Some mixes also include builders sand and a slow-release fertilizer. Soilless potting mix is used for indoor growing, from starting seeds to greenhouse gardening to houseplants to hydroponics.

Why use soilless potting mix?

When growing indoors, controlling pests and diseases is very important. If you were to bring soil from your yard or garden indoors to grow plants, you’d also be transporting any number of weed seeds, insects, molds, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Once indoors, these pests would multiply quickly with or without pesticides and herbicides to control them. It can turn into a disaster quickly. Soilless potting mix is sterile and avoids these problems.

You also don’t have to guess at the nutrition in a soilless mix. Unless fertilizer has been added (indicated on the bag as NPK ratios), there isn’t any nutrition. This is great for hydroponic growing since that method of indoor growing requires a finely tuned nutrient solution. In organic potting mixes, fertilizer may be listed as cottonseed meal, soybean meal, blood meal, crab meal, fish meal, or animal manures.

Soilless mixes are superior for root growth, too. This lighter-than-garden-soil medium allows germinated plant seeds and seedlings to root faster and develop larger, healthier root systems than if they were growing in a pot with clay soil. It also allows water to drain fast. In a pot with garden soil, water can be slow to drain – this can actually drown roots and cause fungal diseases, among other problems, especially if used indoors.

Much of the porosity is thanks to two ingredients: perlite and vermiculite.

• Perlite is the white stuff in the potting mix. It’s actually superheated and “popped” Obsidian, a type of volcanic rock. It’s very porous and provides tiny holes in the mix through which water, gases and air pass.
• Vermiculite is the gold-brown flecks you see in the mix. It’s superheated mica and has a high water-holding capacity – it soaks up water and very slowly releases it back into the mix for the plants to use.

What is the ideal mix of ingredients?

Generally, most container plants will thrive in a mix that contains about 40 percent peat moss, 20 percent pine bark, 20 percent vermiculite, and 20 percent perlite or sand.

Fine Gardening, Choosing The Right Soilless Potting Mix

Feel like making your own soilless potting mix?

That’s cool, just mix together the ingredients above into the consistency you need. But please test the pH before using it – some materials can make the mix acidic and you want the pH to be between 6-0 and 7.0 (neutral), to encourage plants to uptake nutrients. The vast majority of plants will do well in this neutral pH range. Learn how to make your own potting mix.

To find out how well watermelon works on acne-prone skin, Health Shots reached out to Dr. Jaishree Sharad, a popular cosmetic dermatologist, author, TEDx speaker, and founder of Skinfiniti Aesthetic Skin and Laser Clinic in Mumbai.

Benefits of watermelon for skin

Watermelon is not just about water content, it is also a fruit that is abundant in antioxidants, multivitamins, and minerals, making it incredibly beneficial for your health.

Here are some more benefits of watermelon:

• It contains high levels of lycopene and vitamin C which are antioxidants that combat free radicals and safeguard the skin from damage, says Dr. Sharad.
• It is good for those looking for anti-aging ingredients. It reduces collagen damage, maintains skin elasticity, and minimizes the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
• It is a rich source of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), vitamin A, potassium, copper, and magnesium, all of which help brighten dull skin.
• Magnesium that’s found in watermelon seeds helps to reduce stress hormone levels, balance hormones and alleviate acne.
• The presence of malic acid in watermelon serves as an exfoliator that helps to do away with dead skin cells. So, you’ll see a reduction in blemishes and dullness.

Watermelon masks to combat acne

The nutritious summer fruit can be used to soothe and calm the skin. Simply applying watermelon juice to your face with a cotton ball for 10 to 15 minutes can alleviate skin irritation and redness, says the expert. It increases the body’s nitric oxide levels, which promotes wound healing and also reduces acne. Here are other ways to include watermelon in your summer skincare regime!

1. Watermelon with yogurt and honey

Combining mashed watermelon with yogurt and honey and then leaving the paste on the face for 10-15 minutes can be beneficial. The antioxidants in honey and watermelon can reduce inflammation, while yogurt can exfoliate the skin.

2. Watermelon and tomato

A mixture of mashed watermelon and tomato pulp can be used by those with oily skin to smoothen the skin. The malic acid in watermelon and lycopene in tomato act as natural exfoliators and soothe the skin.

3. Watermelon and banana

You can apply a mixture of watermelon juice and mashed banana to the face for 20 minutes, as the anti-inflammatory properties can help alleviate acne.

Dr Sharad says that the white rind of watermelon can also be used to calm irritated skin. Just freeze thin slices of the fruit and apply them to the face for 15 to 20 minutes. This will provide hydration and also soothe your skin.

You may be a fan of home remedies but try not to use ingredients such as lemon and scrubbing agents along with watermelon. While lemon is a potent acidic agent that contains lactic acid, watermelon has malic acid that also does the job of an exfoliant. So, combining two acidic agents can cause your skin to become dry, red, and peel. It is particularly bad for women with sensitive skin who may experience more severe side effects.

Also, harsh scrubbing agents like sugar and ground walnut shells should not be mixed with watermelon face packs. Watermelon seeds already act as a natural exfoliant, and the abrasive texture of sugar scrubs and ground walnut covers can be too harsh for the face. That means you can end up with dryness, irritation, and rashes.

A word of caution before you head out and try these watermelon masks! Before trying any home remedy, consult a dermatologist or do a patch test.

If you’ve ever started seeds on your windowsill, you may have noticed that after the seedlings emerge, they lean into the window or towards the light source. This indicates that the plants are not receiving enough light. By far, the best option for light when starting seeds is to use grow lights. But there are so many types of grow lights – which are best?

The good news is you can start small. My first grow light setup was on an inexpensive folding table I bought at Walmart, and a 24″ suspended T5 grow light I bought on Amazon. I noticed a massive difference in my seedlings that first season – they grew taller with thicker stems and generally looked much healthier. Now I have a custom-made vertical rack of T5 grow lights and trays. With all that space, I start far too many plants each year, so I give a lot of seedlings away to friends and family each spring. But that’s a good problem to have.

What is a grow light?

A grow light is specialty indoor lighting of high intensity used to grow plants. They enhance foliar growth, produce thicker stems on seedlings, and produce the color and amount of light needed for flowering. Some grow lights are sold to light houseplants; some are used for indoor farming; others are for gardeners to start seeds and seedlings. This article will focus on the latter.

The first thing to understand is why your seedlings need grow lights. It comes down to light intensity and color temperature (warm or cool).

Light intensity

You may have a sunny window in your home at which you can start seeds. But if you’re starting more than a few plants, you’ll quickly run out of space. Unlike houseplants, seedlings need direct, intense light, not just a bright room. You can get away with starting a few on your windowsill, but you’ll need grow lights when you get past 3 or 4 plants.

What happens if plants don’t get enough light?

When seedlings lack enough light, they may not produce sufficient chlorophyll (green pigment), may become “leggy” (stems are long and thin and stretch toward the light source), may drop leaves, or may fail to produce flower buds. This leaves you with a less-than-vigorous seedling prone to disease or early die-off.

According to the University of Minnesota, “For seedlings that need to be planted very early, like peppers or tomatoes, more light is especially important. A seedling that is planted indoors just a couple of weeks before being transplanted outdoors can catch up outside, but a seedling that spends months indoors needs all of the light it can get to produce strong stems and to get a good head start on the growing season. For seedlings planted in a very bright window, a less intense supplemental grow light might be fine. But if you’re starting seeds in an area with little natural light, a higher intensity grow light will be a better fit.”

Color temperature

Sunlight contains a spectrum of colors known as wavelengths: ultraviolet, violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, red, and infrared. Plants use these different wavelengths of light throughout their life cycles to perform photosynthesis, flower, and fruit. In their early stages of development, they use more blue light. When flowering and fruiting, they use more orange and red. The color and intensity of light needed also varies by species. That’s why some grow lights are designed to emit specific colors that are beneficial for specific plants at different points in their life cycle.

“White” grow lights mimic sunlight by producing a full spectrum of red, blue, and green light, superb for producing vigorous seedlings of all types. Standard indoor lighting, like lamp bulbs, emit light wavelengths in a narrow band and are of low intensity. They typically will not be successful in growing most plants.

Current grow light setup with 4-foot T5 fluorescents in a vertical rack.

Types of grow lights for indoor seed starting

For seed starting and vigorous seedlings, most gardeners use T5 grow lights (a type of fluorescent bulb) or LED lights.

T5 grow lights

T5 grow lights are fluorescent bulbs and one of the most common types of lighting for starting vegetables, herbs, and flowers indoors. These are not like the fluorescent lights in an office building – T5s produce twice the intensity of light as standard fluorescent bulbs. T5 grow lights require a ballast to control their current and will only fit into a specific type of pin-type light socket. Due to the heat they emit, they should be suspended at least one inch above the plants, to avoid foliage damage.

LED grow lights

LED grow lights are sold in arrays that contain bulbs that emit different colors. Each LED bulb can only produce a single, narrow range of color, so LED bulbs must be mixed together to provide the proper light spectrum for plant growth. On the other hand, this also allows manufacturers to customize each model’s color wavelength so that the gardeners can dial in more specific lighting requirements depending on the plants they are growing. LEDs use less energy than T5s, but produce a lot of heat, so they also must be suspended at least 12 inches above the plants.

Setting up grow lights is easier than it sounds, once you carve out a space and get the lights set up. This is a gardening decision you won’t regret as your seedlings will be more vigorous than growing them with light from a window.

References: Wikipedia: Grow Light, University Of Minnesota Extension, What types of grow lights should you use for starting seeds indoors?, University Of Maryland Extension, Grow Lights For Starting Seeds Indoors.

Tomatoes are one of the most popular homegrown vegetables.

They are comparatively easy to grow and can be used in various foods.

But growing tomatoes don’t come without problems.

One of the biggest problems is that the indoor sown seeds grow tall and spindly instead of short and bushy. Yes! They are leggy, which leaves many home growers scratching their heads, thinking, why are my tomato seedlings leggy?

If you are in the same situation, don’t worry!

Because today, we will discuss the several reasons that lead your tomato seedlings to become leggy.

Also, we’ll look at the precautionary steps to help you fix them.

Let’s begin!

Why Are My Tomato Seedlings Leggy? | The Reasons!

Spindly growth is a widespread problem with tomato seedlings, especially when conditions aren’t ideal.

Here are the common culprits for these leggy tomato seedlings.

Insufficient Light

The leading cause of leggy tomato seedlings is the lack of light.

Tomato seedlings require a lot of light to grow healthy and strong. So, seedlings have a natural tendency to grow toward the light.

If the light source is too dim or far away, the tomato seedlings will grow tall toward the light source in search of light.

That results in long, weak stems that won’t be able to support the weight of the mature plant.

Too Much Heat

Warm temperatures are excellent for the healthy growth of seedlings.

But too much heat can lead to rapid growth.

As the seeds germinate, they respond to the excess heat by developing tall, skinny stems, resulting in leggy seedlings.

This effect becomes worse when the temperature at night is also exceedingly high.

The combination of warmth and darkness leads the seedlings to put more effort into vertical growth.

Dry Soil

If you have an inconsistent watering routine, it will prevent the seedlings from growing strong stems and leafing out well.

Lack of moisture stops the tomato seedlings from getting the required nutrients from the soil, and continued lack of moisture will ultimately turn the seedlings spindly and eventually kill them.

Besides inconsistent watering, fast drainage can also result in dry soil, shunting seedling growth.

Overcrowding

If you are growing your seedlings in a small space, they become overcrowded.

What happens is that they compete for light and stretch out, resulting in leggy seedlings.

If you don’t manage them during initial development, overcrowded seedlings will try to grow taller and taller in a race to outcompete the other green buddies.

Excess Fertilizer

Excess fertilizer in the soil can also result in leggy seedlings—especially when the nitrogen level is too high.

This excess nitrogen will cause rapid growth of the seedlings, which results in long and leggy stems. So, when you are feeding your seedlings, please ensure they are getting the right balance of nutrients.

Now that you know why are your tomato seedlings leggy, let’s see why this is a problem and how you can fix it.

Why Are Leggy Seedlings a Problem?

Leggy seedlings have weak stems, as the plant had previously put all its energy into growing taller rather than growing strong.

• In some scenarios, the plant would collapse under its own weight.
• It makes plants look unattractive or ugly.
• Leggy plants may be more prone to diseases, as their weak stems and sparse foliage make them more vulnerable to these threats.
• Another problem regarding leggy seedlings is their shorter lifespan than healthy plants.

Now, let’s see how to fix leggy tomato seedlings.

How to Fix Leggy Tomato Seedlings?

We have discussed everything about why tomato seedlings are leggy and why it is a problem.

I hope you have found the reason. The next step you need to take is to fix your leggy tomato seedlings.

Here is what to do:

Provide Sufficient Light

It would be best to place your seedlings where they get direct sun exposure.

Ensure that they are getting enough light.

The aim is to provide about 10–12 hours of direct sunlight. So, placing them on a windowsill won’t work.

You can use artificial lights if you are growing your tomato seedlings indoors.

Maintain Adequate Soil Moisture

Consistent watering is the key to preventing or fixing the leggy tomato seedlings.

Make sure that the soil is evenly damp and can retain moisture. For this purpose, maintain a proper watering schedule and water new seedlings daily. Tomato plants usually require 1–2 inches of water per week.

Also, the soil must be well draining but not too sandy.

Provide Proper Spacing

Another factor in promoting the good health of your tomato seedlings is to space them evenly. The space between the seedlings must not be less than an inch or two apart once they develop their first true leaves.

That’s all for today’s discussion.

Conclusion!

Now you don’t need to think, “Why are my tomato seedlings leggy?”

We have discussed every scenario that can cause your tomato seedlings to become leggy and spindly. Insufficient lighting, underwatering, overfertilization, extreme temperature, and overcrowding can all cause your tomato seedlings to grow tall.

All you need to do is provide your plant with the ideal growing conditions, and you’ll be able to grow healthy tomatoes.

I hope this post helps you a lot!

If you find this post beneficial, don’t forget to share it with people.